2 Al-Baqara (The Cow), سورة البقرة
3 Al-Imran (The Family of Imran),سورة آل عمران
Dots and harkats in Al-Quran-2
Assalam oalaikum,
Altogether there are 15 letters in the Arabic alphabet which carry dots. These dots had already been introduced by the olden Arab tribes much before the revelation of Quran. Nevertheless, they were never used in the writings. In fact, the use of dots was regarded as offensive, particularly when writing letters.
Soon Islam began to spread far and wide and people from foreign lands began to embrace Islam. Due to this change there arose a need to simplify the reading of Al-Quran. The newcomers to Islam did not possess that much understanding of Arabic language as did the previous Muslims. Moreover, a large number of the new Muslims did not speak Arabic, but foreign languages instead.
Interestingly, the first time that the dots were introduced in Al- Quran was not to show the kind of letter, such as Baa, Taa, or Sheen but to signify the kind of harkat to be read on any letter. Imam Abul Aswad Du-ali was the first person to do this. He was a scholar and also an Imam in Arabic grammar. He accomplished this task under the instruction and guidance of our 4rth Khalifah, Hazrat Ali ibni Abi Talib (ra)
This work was carried on during the reign of Abdul Malik bin Marwan, who was a king who ruled after the Sahaaba. Till this point of time the dots were not utilized for their original function. Rather each of them represented a harkat.
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